contrib: vulkan-headers: detect current version

Automatically enable the headers, but detect the currently available
header version with cppcheck since the pkgconfig file will actually
detect the version of the loader.

cppcheck cannot understand the full header version, which was also not
available before 1.3 anyway. Moreover, the major and minor versions are
not defined directly, but instead either through cast or not at all
(before 1.3), so we use the header guards defines and the
VK_HEADER_VERSION for the last patch revision number, which directly
matches the actual package revision.

v1.3.239 is the version provided by the vulkan-loader package on debian
bookworm, and the main constraint we have is the presence of the
vulkan/vulkan_beta.h header which should be present and the presence or
absence of the old/new video_decode extension that was promoted. 238 is
the first revision removing the previous video_decode extension and
adding the new one.

Tested on linux with headers present and android with system header
being obsolete.