CI: update debian image with Rust and without Qt5

Rust packages include rustc, cargo, cargo-c.

Also without ragel.

extras/ci/gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ variables:
     VLC_WIN64_IMAGE: registry.videolan.org/vlc-debian-win64-posix:20240808131936
     VLC_WIN_LLVM_MSVCRT_IMAGE: registry.videolan.org/vlc-debian-llvm-msvcrt:20240731083648
     VLC_WIN_LLVM_UCRT_IMAGE: registry.videolan.org/vlc-debian-llvm-ucrt:20240731083648
-    VLC_DEBIAN_IMAGE: registry.videolan.org/vlc-debian-unstable:20240402131352
+    VLC_DEBIAN_IMAGE: registry.videolan.org/vlc-debian-unstable:20240723100046
     VLC_ANDROID_IMAGE: registry.videolan.org/vlc-debian-android:20240731083648
     VLC_SNAP_IMAGE: registry.videolan.org/vlc-ubuntu-focal:20231013031754
     VLC_RASPBIAN_IMAGE: registry.videolan.org/vlc-ubuntu-raspberry:20240806085528