After watching a few videos I got the black screen with sound on Xbox One. Stopping and restarting playback did not fix it. Disabling hardware acceleration did not fix it. Closing VLC and restarting it fixed the problem. So after the restart, video playback was normal with hardware acceleration on.
Issue persists in the current version (10/25/16). I started a couple of videos (actually two different ones, went back and forth between them) and then it just went to a white screen (I am using the white design). Played only audio from videos from that point on and the music menu never appeared. I could still start music files but had no way to stop playback. Restarting the app fixed it. I was not able to reproduce it.
I found that this occurs sometimes when I play a video, stop, and then start a new one. Nothing seems to resolve the problem. The workaround is to just quit and restart the app.
For me it seems to always occur after I watch a video to completion and try to start another one, though I do not know if there is a minimum time of a first video for it to trigger (all video tried so far with it were 20min+). I've only tested this on DLNA and SMB, not local playback. Restarting the app does temporarily clear the problem.